Arches of Foot: Lower Limb Anatomy

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
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Arches of Foot: Lower Limb Anatomy
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The arches of the foot are structural marvels 🏗️ that provide shock absorption, weight distribution, flexibility, and support during locomotion 🚶🏃, allowing the foot to adapt to various surfaces while maintaining stability. There are three primary arches: the medial longitudinal arch 🌙, the lateral longitudinal arch ➖, and the transverse arch 🌐. The medial longitudinal arch, the highest and most prominent, is formed by the calcaneus, talus (keystone 🧱), navicular, cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals. It is supported dynamically by tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and structurally by the plantar aponeurosis and spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament) 💪🦶. The lateral longitudinal arch is flatter and formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and 4th–5th metatarsals, supported by fibularis longus and brevis and the long and short plantar ligaments 🌿. The transverse arch, spanning across the midfoot, is formed by the bases of metatarsals, cuboid, and cuneiforms, and maintained by the fibularis longus and intrinsic foot muscles 🎯. These arches help the foot act as both a rigid lever during push-off and a flexible base for shock absorption 🌊, preventing conditions like flat foot (pes planus) and plantar fasciitis 🔥. Understanding the arches is critical for students, clinicians, and athletes, as any imbalance can affect the entire kinetic chain from foot to spine 🧠🦴.

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