Energy Bands in Solids | Semiconductor, Conductor & Insulator Explained

In this lecture, I explain Energy Band Theory step by step, starting from the early atomic models and moving toward the formation of energy bands in solids. This structured flow makes it easy for students to connect concepts and understand how conductors, semiconductors, and insulators differ.

👉 Lecture Flow:
1️⃣ Rutherford Model of Atom – Nuclear model basics
2️⃣ Bohr’s Model of Atom – Quantized energy levels
3️⃣ Pauli Exclusion Principle – Electron arrangement & restrictions
4️⃣ Formation of Energy Bands – How discrete levels merge in solids
5️⃣ Valence Band & Conduction Band – Role in electrical conductivity
6️⃣ Conductor, Semiconductor & Insulator – Explained with band theory

This video is designed for B.Tech, Diploma, and GATE ECE aspirants as well as Physics students who want a clear and simple explanation of band theory.

By the end of this lecture, you will clearly understand how atomic theory leads to the concept of energy bands and why materials behave differently as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators.