Ford F-150 P0171 P0174 Trouble Codes - vacuum leak (water test)

How to determine the cause of a lean condition on a Ford 5.4 engine.
How to locate a vacuum leak without a smoke machine.

For more information on this topic, I have written a “field manual” called Engine Performance Diagnostics which is available at www.scannerdanner.com as an eBook or paper book.
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