Yellow Baby After Sulfa Red Flag – Medical Must Knows Pediatrics #11

Explanation:
G6PD deficiency is an X-linked disorder that leads to episodic hemolytic anemia, particularly when the neonate or child is exposed to oxidative stress such as sulfa drugs or fava beans. In neonates, jaundice and anemia may appear soon after birth, while older children often show signs after exposure to triggering agents.
🧬 Diagnosis is made via a G6PD enzyme assay, though it can be falsely normal during an active hemolytic crisis.
⚠️ Management involves avoiding known triggers and providing supportive care during episodes.
❌ Why the other options are incorrect:
A) Hemolytic disease of the newborn: This is typically caused by Rh incompatibility or ABO incompatibility, not G6PD deficiency.


B) Hereditary spherocytosis: This disorder leads to anemia but typically presents with splenomegaly and spherocytes on blood smear, not related to triggers like sulfa drugs.


D) ABO incompatibility: This would typically cause jaundice due to blood group incompatibility, not triggered by sulfa drugs.


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References:
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st Edition
BRS Pediatrics, 2nd Edition
WHO Guidelines on G6PD Deficiency
Question:
A 3-day-old neonate develops jaundice and anemia. The mother reports recent administration of a sulfa antibiotic. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
B) Hereditary spherocytosis
C) G6PD deficiency
D) ABO incompatibility
Answer:
✅ C) G6PD deficiency
Title:
Yellow Baby After Sulfa? Red Flag – Medical Must Knows Pediatrics #11
Field: Pediatrics