Series Vs Parallel Solar Panel Wiring

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I made a video about series vs parallel wiring 4 years ago, but I've changed my mind on a few things. In this updated guide, I'll show you when to use series, when to use parallel, and most importantly—the actual cost difference between different wiring methods.
What you'll learn:
Series vs parallel basics (voltage vs current)
Why I default to series wiring for most installations
How hybrid inverter voltage limits (145V vs 500V) affect your design
The truth about shading and bypass diodes
Real cost comparison: branch connectors vs combiner box vs dual MPPTs
When parallel wiring actually makes sense
How to properly fuse parallel strings (and why it matters)

Cost breakdown comparison:
Option 1: MC4 branch connectors (not recommended) - $234
Option 2: Proper combiner box setup - $250
Option 3: Two MPPTs for redundancy - $277

The combiner box only costs $16 more than the risky branch connector setup, and it's way safer. I'll show you exactly why.

Key takeaway: Start with series wiring, and only add parallel or multiple charge controllers when you have a clear reason to do so.

Useful links:
How to calculate series string length:    • How to Size a Solar Charge Controller  
Video on fusing parallel solar panels:    • Fuses For Solar Panels: Series and Paralle...  
Video on shading:    • Shade Effects on a Solar Panel - Branches,...