Plumber Math: Offsets Part 1 - 45 Degree Offsets

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Calculating for an offset is one of the math skills that you will need to pass your journeyman test. According to the International Plumbing Code, an offset is “a combination of approved bends that makes two changes in direction bringing one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other section.” (https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IPC...)

Or in other words, the pipe is running along, but it has to shift center line over while still going the same direction. This is usually to go around an obstacle. Offsets can be created using 90-degree, 45-degree or other angled fittings, so long as both of the fittings are the same degree angle. There is not much math needed if 90-degree fittings are used. Most commonly, offset calculations are based on 45-degree fittings. In this video we will examine how that is done.

In order to do calculations relating to a 45-degree offset, we need to be able to visualize the triangle created by the offset. The angled pipe is the diagonal of the triangle. The offset is the distance the center of the pipe has moved over from its original location. The run is how far the pipe travels as it is angling over to the new center location.

To calculate, we need to understand the right triangle with two 45 degree angles. This triangle has two sides that are the same length, A and B. If we know the length of A, then we also know the length of B, because they are the same. Most often we are calculating for the diagonal C, because that is where the pipe will run. To calculate C, we simply multiply the offset B by 1.414.

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