The Concept of Brahma-Viharas & Brahmanic and Sramanic Traditions: Indian Ethics (Philosophy)

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Brahmaviharas: Brahma-vihara is a concept of Buddhism.
Etymologically speaking, Brahma means divine and Viharas means abode/place.
According to Buddhism, brahma-vihara or abodes of Brahma is a series of four Buddhist virtues.
They are also known as the Four-Immeasurable or Apramana.
They are called so because these virtues are considered to be boundless, infinite, etc.
In Pali, they are called cattāri brahmavihārā.
These four virtues according to Buddhism require meditation and conduct practices and the Brahma-viharas are the result of them.
According to Metta Sutta, the four Brahma-viharas have the power and this power helps the practitioner to have rebirth into a higher realm or the Brahma realm.
The Brahma-Viharas are found to exist in pre-Buddhism literature and also in Post-Buddha Vedic and Sramanic literature (for instance, Yoga-sutras by Patanjali).
Indian philosophy consists of two trends;
1. Brahmanic tradition
2. Sramanic tradition
1. Brahmanic tradition: brahmanic tradition or the vedic tradition accepts the authority of the vedas and the vedic literature. For example, Samkhya, Mimamsa, Yoga, Vedanta, etc.
2. Sramanic tradition: Sramanic tradition includes schools like Buddhism, Jainism, Carvaka, etc.
They are called so because they do not accept the authority of the vedas and the vedic literature.
Rather, they accept the authority of their own canons and canonical literature and accept the authority of their authors alone.
For example, Carvaka accept Brhaspati sutra, Jainism accepts the authority of their own twenty-four Tirthankaras (or the founders of the faith) and they accept their own literature which is called the Agamas.
The Agamas are the canonical texts of Jainism based on the teachings of Lord Mahavira, and Buddhism accepts the authority of Buddha and some of the names of their accepted literatures are Gandaran, Lankavatarasutra,Visuddhimagga, etc.
1. Maitri:
It is called metta in Pali.
It means love-kindness.
It a universal virtue of love and kindness which should be within all the sentient beings.
It also means an active goodwill towards all the beings or benevolence.
2. Karuna:
It is called karuńā in Pali.
It means compassion.
It means a virtue of compassion or hope towards all.
It also means attaining a happy present life.


Brahmaviharas @0:10
Indian Philosophy Consists of two Trends @1:25
Brahmanic Tradition @1:32
Sramanic Tradition @1:49
Maitri @2:58
Karuna @3:18
Mudita @3:31
Upeksha @3:57
Maitri or Love and Kindness @4:56
Pramoda or Appreciation @5:15
Karuna or Compassion @5:27
Madhyastha or Equanimity Towards all @5:43

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#buddhist
#virtues
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