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In the context of civil engineering, surveying refers to the gathering of various data about the land. Surveying typically involves measurements of horizontal and vertical distances between points, along with descriptions of the exact characteristics of the land structure and surface.
Surveys are used to plan, build, and maintain all civil engineering projects. A full survey of the target area is usually necessary to determine its exact boundaries and to ensure that any buildings or other structures constructed there will be safe. Surveyors also work to provide the proper design and development of infrastructure, to protect the surrounding natural environment, and to maximize the efficiency of the proposed structures.
Surveys are the techniques used to determine the three-dimensional positions of points. It includes measuring the angles and distances between points that are located on the surface, above or beneath the surface of the earth. Surveys are carried out for the preparation of maps, topography, plots, and boundaries to establish land ownership, and used in designing, planning, and building of all types of structure and communication networks.
Surveyors use different tools to do their job accurately and successfully. These tools include total stations, prisms, GPS receivers, radio communicators, 3D scanners, dumpy level, digital levels and surveying software etc.
In civil engineering, surveying is an important discipline that is associated with many facilities, including roads, railways, residential areas, bridges, and dams. It creates the legal geographical boundaries and offers data for computer databases.
The planning and design of civil engineering projects such as the construction of highways, tunnels, bridges etc. are based upon surveying measurements. In addition, during execution, any project is constructed along points and lines established by surveying. Other major works in which survey is utilized are fixing state and national boundaries, to chart coastlines, streams, and lakes, to establish control points, and to execute oceanographic and hydrographic charting and mapping.

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