Local File Inclusion (LFI) & Command Execution Protected by WAF

In the context of cybersecurity, LFI stands for Local File Inclusion. It's a web application vulnerability that attackers can exploit to trick a server into running or revealing files stored on the server itself.

Imagine a web application that displays information based on user input, like a news story. If the application isn't careful about validating that input, an attacker could inject special characters that make the application try to load a different file than intended.

Here's a breakdown of how LFI attacks work:

Vulnerable Application: The web application has a flaw where it trusts user input to specify files for inclusion.

Crafting Malicious Input: The attacker manipulates user input (like a search query) to include unintended files. This might involve using special characters to navigate through the server's directory structure.

Exploiting the Vulnerability: By providing the crafted input, the attacker tricks the application into including a sensitive file (like system configuration) or even malicious code hidden on the server.

Impact of LFI Attacks:

Information Disclosure: Attackers can access sensitive information stored on the server, such as configuration files or databases.
Remote Code Execution: In severe cases, attackers can execute their own code on the server, giving them full control. This can lead to data theft, installing malware, or launching further attacks.
Preventing LFI:

Input Validation: Web applications should thoroughly validate user input to prevent malicious code injection.
Sanitizing Input: Even validated input should be sanitized to remove any characters that could be used for directory traversal.
Restricted File Access: Applications should have restricted access to files and directories to prevent unauthorized inclusion.
Important Note: LFI is a serious vulnerability. However, it's important to understand it for defensive purposes only. Do not attempt to exploit these vulnerabilities yourself on any system you don't have explicit permission to test.

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