AP Gov Congress / Legislative Branch Part I: Topics 2.1 - 2.3 [Everything You Need to Know]

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In the seventh lesson in our AP Government & Politics series for the redesigned AP Gov Exam, we start Unit 2 – Interactions Among Branches of Government with Part I of three lessons on Legislative Branch - Congress. Included in this lesson are:
• Bicameralism
• The Great Compromise Review
• Differences in how chamber size, terms, and constituencies impact the operations of both houses
• Framers original intent: create the Senate as an Upper House – chosen by state legislatures
• 17th Amendment – direct election of Senators
• House of Representatives – the People’s House – originally most democratic
• Impact of different constituencies
• Census
• Redistricting
• Apportionment or reapportionment
• Party focus on state legislatures
• Gerrymandering
• Baker v. Carr – SCOTUS jurisdiction, equal protection, “one man, one vote”
• Shaw v. Reno – no racial gerrymandering
• 2019 Gerrymandering decision
• Impact of gerrymandering
• Safe seats
• Impact of different constituencies:
• Senate – broader appeal, less partisan
• House – smaller constituency can lead to more partisan representatives
• Senate outsized voice for small states
• Impact of different terms:
• Individual senators more independent, less partisan (sometimes), ability to function as “trustees”
• House members constant campaigning, more partisan, less time to anger constituency
• Impact of Size of Chamber on “formality of debate”:
• House of Representatives – stricter rules on debate, House Rules Committee (political impact), discharge petition
• Senate – more flexibility, filibuster, cloture vote, senatorial holds
• Review

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