Renin angiotensin aldosterone system | RAAS and RAAS inhibitors | Fast-Learning | pharmacology

RAAS and RAAS inhibitors || renin angiotensin aldosterone systems || pharmacology

The Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) Is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance

In this video, he explains in a very simplified way the mechanism of action of RAAS and RAAS inhibitors in an exclusive and entertaining way

The system can be activated when there is a loss of blood volume or a drop in blood pressure (such as in hemorrhage or dehydration).
This loss of pressure is interpreted by baroreceptors in the carotid sinus. It can also be activated by a decrease in the filtrate sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration or a decreased filtrate flow rate that will stimulate the macula densa to signal the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) steps:
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involves several steps, including:
When your blood pressure falls, your kidneys release the enzyme renin into your bloodstream.
Renin splits angiotensinogen, a protein your liver makes and releases, into pieces.
One piece is the hormone angiotensin I.
Angiotensin I, which is inactive (doesn’t cause any effects), flows through your bloodstream and is split into pieces by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in your lungs and kidneys.
One of those pieces is angiotensin II, an active hormone.
Angiotensin II causes the muscular walls of small arteries (arterioles) to constrict (narrow), which increases blood pressure.
Angiotensin II also triggers your adrenal glands to release aldosterone and your pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin).
Together, aldosterone and ADH cause your kidneys to retain sodium. Aldosterone also causes your kidneys to release (excrete) potassium through your urine.
The increase in sodium in your bloodstream causes water retention. This increases blood volume and blood pressure, thus completing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is also activated by other hormones, including corticosteroids, estrogen and thyroid hormones.

RAAS Inhibitors:
These drugs act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs).

ACE inhibitors:
Block the production of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels and releases hormones such as aldosterone and norepinephrine, by inhibiting an enzyme called angiotensin converting enzyme. Angiotensin II, aldosterone, and norepinephrine all increase blood pressure and urine production by the kidneys.
If levels of these three substances decrease in the body, this allows blood vessels to relax and dilate (widen), reducing both blood and kidney pressure. ACE inhibitors also increase the production of bradykinin, another substance that makes blood vessels dilate.
ARBs work by blocking the action of a natural chemical called angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor.
This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and poor blood flow through the kidneys.
ARBs prevent angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors located in muscles surrounding blood vessels, thereby allowing those blood vessels to dilate, reducing blood pressure and improving symptoms of heart failure and progression of kidney disease 

#raas #angiotensin #antihypertensive
#arbs
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