Lateral Pterygoid muscle | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Actions | Relations

Lateral Pterygoid
Origin:
Upper head - from infra temporal surface and crest
of greater wing of sphenoid
Lower head - from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion:
pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of neck of the mandible
anterior margin of the articular disc & capsule of temporomandibular joint
Nerve supply: branch from anterior division of mandibular nerve
Action:
depression of mandible
lateral & medial pterygoids protrudes the mandible
right lateral & medial pterygoids turn the chin to left side, as a part of grinding movement
RELATIONS OF LATERAL PTERYGOID
The lateral pterygoid may be regarded as the key muscle of this region because its relations provide a fair idea about the layout of structures in the infratemporal fossa.
The relations are as follows:
Superficial
1. Masseter
2. Ramus of the mandible
3. Tendon of the temporalis
4. The maxillary artery
Deep
1. Mandibular nerve
2. Middle meningeal artery.
3. Sphenomandibular ligament
4. Deep head of the medial pterygoid.
Structures Emerging at the Upper Border
1. Deep temporal nerves
2. Masseteric nerve.
Structures Emerging at the lower Border
1. Lingual nerve
2. Inferior alveolar nerve
3. The middle meningeal artery passes upwards deep to it
Structures Passing through the Gap Between the Two Heads
1. The maxillary artery enters the gap
2. The buccal branch of the mandibular nerve comes out through the gap
✦The pterygoid plexus of veins surrounds the lateral pterygoid.

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