ECHO CASE 127: Echocardiography For Beginners

Spot the finding shown in this echocardiography clip and make a diagnosis. The answer will be shown after one minute.

Case 127 FINDINGS: PLAX and PSAX Views with Color doppler is suggestive of Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect. Jet at 11 O' Clock position is typical of Membranous VSD. CW Across defect showing gradient of 108 mmHG.

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Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for approximately 25% of all congenital heart defects. A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the septum, the wall of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. There are several types of ventricular septal defects, each with distinct echocardiogram features.

Membranous ventricular septal defects are the most common type, accounting for approximately 75% of all ventricular septal defects. They occur in the membranous portion of the septum, near the aortic valve. On echocardiogram, a membranous ventricular septal defect appears as a hole in the membranous septum, typically located near the aortic valve. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler.

Muscular ventricular septal defects occur in the muscular portion of the septum and can be located anywhere along the septum. On echocardiogram, a muscular ventricular septal defect appears as a hole in the muscular septum, typically located in the mid or apical portion of the septum. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler.

Inlet ventricular septal defects occur in the inlet portion of the septum, near the tricuspid and mitral valves. On echocardiogram, an inlet ventricular septal defect appears as a hole in the inlet septum, typically located near the tricuspid and mitral valves. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler.

Outlet ventricular septal defects occur in the outlet portion of the septum, near the aortic and pulmonary valves. On echocardiogram, an outlet ventricular septal defect appears as a hole in the outlet septum, typically located near the aortic and pulmonary valves. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler.

Gerbode defect:

A Gerbode defect is a rare type of ventricular septal defect that occurs in the membranous septum, near the aortic valve, and is associated with a defect in the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. On echocardiogram, a Gerbode defect appears as a hole in the membranous septum, typically located near the aortic valve, and a defect in the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler.

So ventricular septal defects are a common congenital heart defect, and echocardiography plays a crucial role in their diagnosis and classification. Understanding the different types of ventricular septal defects and their echocardiogram features is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Echocardiography for beginners
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