Structure of DNA in हिन्दी | BSc & MSc Zoology

This lecture is specially made for B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology students to understand one of the most important topics in genetics – DNA.

0:00 – Introduction
Overview of the topic and importance of DNA in B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology exams.

0:12 – History of DNA Discovery
1869: Friedrich Miescher – nuclein
1889: Richard Altman – nucleic acid
1900: Phoebus Levene – nucleotide components
1928: Griffith’s experiment (S and R strains of pneumonia bacteria)
1944: Avery, MacLeod & McCarty – transforming principle is DNA
1952: Hershey and Chase – blender experiment
1950: Erwin Chargaff – base pairing rules
1953: Watson & Crick with Rosalind Franklin – double helix model

3:29 – What is DNA?
DNA as genetic material in all living organisms
Found in nucleus of eukaryotes and organized into chromosomes
Nucleosome structure: DNA wrapped around histones

5:03 – Composition of DNA
Full form: Deoxyribonucleic acid
Nucleotides as building blocks (sugar, phosphate, base)
Nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

7:26 – Types and Locations of DNA
Nuclear DNA (eukaryotes)
DNA in prokaryotes (cytoplasmic region)
Viral DNA (single or double-stranded, inside capsid)
Mitochondrial DNA

7:56 – Structure of DNA (Double Helix)
Double-stranded, twisted ladder model
Antiparallel strands (5′→3′ and 3′→5′)
Sugar-phosphate backbone outside, base pairs inside
Base pairing: A=T (2 H bonds), G≡C (3 H bonds)
Purines (A, G) vs Pyrimidines (T, C)
Chargaff’s rule

10:14 – DNA Dimensions and Bonds
10 base pairs per turn
Distance between base pairs = 0.34 nm
Width of helix = 2 nm
Major groove (1.2 nm) and minor groove (0.6 nm)
Phosphodiester bonds and polarity (5′ to 3′)
Stability by hydrogen bonds and base stacking

12:00 – DNA as Genetic Code
Sequence of bases carries genetic information
Mutations: change in base sequence alters information

12:46 – Conclusion & Next Topic Preview
Summary of DNA structure and history
Next video: Functions and types of DNA

What you’ll learn in this video:
History of DNA discovery: from Friedrich Miescher to Watson & Crick and Rosalind Franklin
Structure of DNA: double helix, sugar-phosphate backbone, base pairs (A–T, G–C), major and minor grooves
Composition of DNA: nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base)
Key facts: Chargaff’s rule, DNA polarity, hydrogen bonds, mutations
DNA in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, viruses, and mitochondria

This video is clear, exam-oriented, and simple – perfect for B.Sc. and M.Sc. Zoology semester exams, practicals, and quick revision.

DNA history and structure explained for BSc and MSc Zoology students, DNA history discovery timeline explained for university exams, DNA structure explained in simple language for BSc Zoology semester exam, history of DNA discovery from Friedrich Miescher to Watson and Crick explained for MSc Zoology, Griffith experiment explained for BSc Zoology exams, Avery MacLeod McCarty experiment explained for MSc Zoology notes, Hershey and Chase blender experiment explained in detail for Zoology students, Erwin Chargaff base pairing rules explained for BSc Zoology, Watson and Crick double helix model explained for MSc Zoology students, Rosalind Franklin X ray diffraction contribution explained for BSc Zoology exams, composition of DNA nucleotides sugar phosphate base explained in simple language, DNA structure double helix sugar phosphate backbone and base pairs explained for Zoology notes, DNA major and minor groove dimensions explained for MSc Zoology exams, nucleosome structure and DNA packing with histone proteins explained for BSc Zoology, DNA in eukaryotes prokaryotes viruses and mitochondria explained for MSc Zoology students, mutation and genetic code in DNA explained in simple terms for BSc Zoology, DNA polarity 5 prime to 3 prime direction explained for MSc Zoology notes, phosphodiester bond and sugar phosphate linkage explained for Zoology students, difference between purines and pyrimidines in DNA explained for BSc and MSc Zoology, Chargaff’s rule A=T and G≡C explained for exam preparation, DNA exam oriented notes for BSc Zoology 1st semester, DNA notes for MSc Zoology students with diagrams, Zoology With Chinu DNA lecture for BSc and MSc students, DNA important questions and answers for Zoology exams, DNA structure and history explained step by step for BSc Zoology, DNA explained for MSc Zoology in detail with examples