Amebelodontidae: The Shovel Tuskers

The Amebelodontids are an extinct family of Proboscideans that were native to Africa, Eurasia and North America. Renowned for their bizarre appearance, with greatly elongated lower jaws tipped with chisel-like tusks, these animals have been nicknamed the shovel tuskers for obvious reasons. Once thought to be swamp dwelling animals that fed on soft aquatic plants, recent studies have shown that the group were actually browsers that fed on leaves, branches and bark. Generally modest in size by Proboscidean standards, being smaller than both African and Asian Elephants, the group appears in the fossil record almost simultaneously across their range during the Middle Miocene about 17 mya. Up to 11 genera dwelt across their range during the Miocene, but potentially only a single genus, Protanancus, survived into the Pliocene. The reasons for their extinction most likely included climate change and the loss of preferred forest habitats.

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