Mussolini. Rise to power

The new issue of History Lessons with Tamara Eidelman is dedicated to the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, one of the first dictators of the 20th century, the founder of fascism, a man who in the first half of his career was famous and respected much more than Hitler, and only much later began to be perceived as pathetic jester. What made Mussolini successful? What strings did he play? How did you achieve popularity?

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BOOKS
Galeazzo Ciano. Diary of a Fascist.
*R.J. Bosworth. Benito Mussolini.
C.G. Jung. Diagnosing dictators.


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00:00 - Entry. Lecture topic.

00:34 - Federico Fellini on Italian fascism.
02:35 - Italy and Germany: which of the two regimes was "more fascist"?
05:59 – What was the attraction of Benito Mussolini?
07:25 - What was Mussolini's fault?
08:46 – Prehistory of the emergence of Italian fascism. End of the 19th century. Consequences of the unification of Italy.
13:09 - Confrontation between church and state in Italy.
14:55 - Mussolini's family and career.
15:30 - The formation of Mussolini.
18:29 - The difference in the development of the north and south of Italy.
19:35 - The difference in the development of Italian cities and villages.
20:56 - The political situation in Italy at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century.
26:12 - Italy in the international arena of the early twentieth century.
27:41 - "Triple Alliance".
29:14 - Mussolini's leftist views.
30:05 - Socialists in anticipation of war at the beginning of the twentieth century.
31:24 - 1902. Mussolini emigrates to Switzerland.
34:10 - Mussolini and Plato's ideas about the state.
38:44 - Vilfredo Pareto's theory of elites.
41:41 - The theory of trade unions and the concept of violence by Georges Sorel.
44:48 - Angelica Balabanova and Mussolini.
46:12 - Mussolini returns to Italy. Life in Trento.
48:56 - Socialist circles in Italy. Rise of Mussolini.
52:53 - Mussolini's journalistic activities.
54:32 - World War I. Mussolini comes to nationalism.
1:01:16 - Italy enters the war.
1:05:49 - The cost of Italy's victory.
1:07:30 – Psychological consequences of war.
1:09:06 - Arditi units.
1:11:06 - Mussolini at the front.
1:12:03 - End of the war. Italy claims new territories.
1:12:57 - Mussolini creates the "Unification of the Fighters".
1:16:52 - Fear of the "socialist threat".
1:19:22 - Treaty of Versailles. Italy does not receive the desired territories.
1:20:25 – Gabriele D'Annunzio's troops take control of the city of Fiume.
1:24:43 - Confrontation between fascists and socialists in Italy.
1:30:05 – Why did the Nazis win?
1:31:28 - Signs of fascism by Umberto Eco.
1:38:42 - Fascists in the parliamentary elections.
1:40:25 - Mussolini leads the Nazi campaign against Rome.
1:43:11 - Mussolini becomes head of government.
1:44:20 - Mussolini moves towards full dictatorship.
1:48:02 - Elections of 1924. Fascist victory.
1:48:32 - Assassination of Giacomo Matteoti. The departure of the opposition from the Italian Parliament.
1:52:58 - January 3, 1925. Mussolini proclaims himself Duce ("leader").