The 3R principle in Animal study: Replace, Reduce and Refine

The three words "replace", "reduce" and "refine" describe the most important ethical principles in experimental scientific work with laboratory animals. The so-called "3Rs" are intended to limit the number of animals used in experiments, replace animal experiments with alternatives and reduce the burden on animals to an indispensable level.

The "3Rs principle" goes back to the British zoologist William Russel and the microbiologist Rex Burch. In 1959, they formulated their concept for research that conformed to animal welfare and was justified from an ethical point of view in the book "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique". Today, the 3Rs principle is the basis for animal welfare policy and the practice of modern research approaches involving laboratory animals. It is the prerequisite for the official approval of animal experiments and also forms the basis of the EU Animal Welfare Directive 2010/63 / EU of 2010 (Article 4: "Principle of prevention, reduction and improvement of animal experiments").

In 2013, the provisions of the EU Directive and thus also the 3Rs principle were transposed into German law with the amended Animal Welfare Act and the Animal Welfare Laboratory Animal Regulation. For more related information please check our website - the provisions of the EU Directive and thus also the 3Rs principle were transposed into German law with the amended Animal Welfare Act and the Animal Welfare Laboratory Animal Regulation. For more related information please check our website - the provisions of the EU Directive and thus also the 3Rs principle were transposed into German law with the amended Animal Welfare Act and the Animal Welfare Laboratory Animal Regulation.

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