" HAZARDS OF TIRE HYDROPLANING TO AIRCRAFT OPERATION " 1963 NASA AVIATION RESEARCH FILM SM10495

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"Hazards of Tire Hydroplaning to Aircraft Operation" is a 1963 NASA documentary on aircraft hydroplaning and the research conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center's Landing Loads Facility.

• 0:00: Introduction to hydroplaning, which can be pleasurable (e.g., water skiing) or problematic (e.g., aircraft tires lifting off a wet runway).

• 1:01: Aircraft tests show reduced braking effectiveness on wet runways due to lubrication effects.

• 1:18: Greater reductions in braking effectiveness occur in deep fluid (e.g., slush), leading to serious hydroplaning issues.

• 1:36: NASA Langley Research Center conducts research on hydroplaning using a test carriage catapulted by a water jet.

• 2:10: Various aircraft landing gears and tires are tested on a test carriage under different runway conditions, from dry to covered with water or slush.

• 2:38: Research shows partial hydroplaning at lower speeds and total hydroplaning at higher speeds, where wheel rotation stops.

• 3:00: Explanation of the physical principles of hydroplaning.

• 4:03: Introduction of deep fluid complicates the situation, producing additional drag and hydrodynamic lift forces.

• 5:02: At high speeds, complete separation between tire and ground occurs, leading to total hydroplaning.

• 5:56: Federal Aviation Agency tests show loss of directional stability and control due to hydroplaning.

• 6:30: Large reductions in braking effectiveness are observed under total hydroplaning conditions.

• 7:01: Changing the weight on the tire has little effect on the speed at which total hydroplaning occurs.

• 7:34: Relationship between forward speed and tire inflation pressure is studied.

• 8:13: A scientist draws a formula on a chalkboard. Simple expression predicts total hydroplaning speed based on tire inflation pressure.

• 9:01: Hydroplaning is a progressive phenomenon, with significant losses in braking and directional control occurring below total hydroplaning speed.

• 9:19: Average automobile susceptible to hydroplaning at around 50 mph; typical aircraft at higher speeds.

• 10:13: B-58 Hustler supersonic bomber shown taking off. Hydroplaning is a deep fluid phenomenon, with fluid depth required depending on runway characteristics and tire tread design.

• 11:00: Tests show partial and total hydroplaning conditions using high-speed cameras.

• 12:05: Tire tread pattern and grooves influences hydroplaning speed; smooth treads hydroplane at lower speeds.

• 12:59: Factors affecting hydroplaning speed include tire inflation pressure, runway fluid depth, surface character, and tire tread pattern.

• 13:01: Partial hydroplaning causes losses in directional control and braking effectiveness.

• 13:13: Total hydroplaning results in complete separation of tire from ground and further reductions in control and braking.

• 13:39: Longer stopping distances on wet runways due to hydroplaning.

• 14:01: Recommendations to minimize hydroplaning effects include avoiding landings and takeoffs in excessive crosswinds on wet runways, using operational techniques like minimum touchdown speed, early runway contact, early use of brakes, and use of spoilers and reverse thrust.


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