Alliance Theory of Kinship by Levi Strauss: Incest Taboo, Circle of Exchange | Sociology

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Chapters:
0:00 Alliance Theory of Kinship- Levi Strauss
0:06 Introduction of Alliance Theory of Kinship
1:05 Concept of Alliance Theory of Kinship
3:14 Views on Incest Taboo
7:57 Circle of Exchange of Women
8:41 Types of Exchange
9:38 Models of Structure
10:27 MCQ about Alliance Theory of Kinship

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Concept
Part of social anthropology
Theoretical point of view
Focus on the importance of marriage in society as opposed to the importance of descent

Based on the exchange of women between groups of related men which gives greater social solidarity, better cohesion, better chances of survival of the members of the kin group
According to him regulating of marriages through prescription and preference creates an exchange of women in simple societies
It also involves exchange of gifts which ensures cooperation of members of the group

Views On Incest Taboo
Alliance theory is based on incest taboo
Link between nature and culture
Culture controls human behaviour
Sex is regulated by culture
Man is a cultural entity


It is this prohibition of incest that led human groups to follow exogamy.
Lévi-Struass viewed this prohibition as beyond any sociological explanation and clearly shows a difference between consanguinity and affinity as the basis of kinship system.



Studied the relation between consanguinity and affinity in non-European societies
Opposite and complementary to each other
Such rules in fact rise due to the connection between blood ties and affinal ties.
Circle Of Exchange Of Women
Marriage as a process of exchange by Strauss
A daughter or sister is sent to a different family
Positive marriage rules regulates the exchange
Gives birth to elementary structures

Types Of Exchange
Restricted exchange:
Two groups of men exchange women (for example, their sisters).
Direct and immediate reciprocity
Generalized exchange:
Three or more groups exchanging women in one direction
Delayed and indirect exchange
Higher possibilities
Models of structure
Two models to study kinship and exchange in marriage:
Elementary structures of kinship: When women in the ego’s group are proposed to another eligible for exchange
Complex structures of kinship: When the group of potential spouses for the women are not known and kept open in the ego’s group, excluding close kin like the immediate family, an uncle, etc. #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace