DNA Fingerprinting – How It Works | STR Analysis Easy Explained

DNA fingerprinting is a powerful molecular biology technique used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. While more than 99 % of the human genome is identical in all humans, certain polymorphic regions vary significantly — making it possible to establish a DNA profile that is unique to every person.

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DNA fingerprinting plays a crucial role in forensic science, where investigators use biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, or tissue to match DNA profiles from crime scenes with those of potential suspects.

The same method is applied in paternity testing, victim identification after natural disasters, and diverse fields including medical diagnostics, genetic research, ecology, microbiology, and genealogy.

The most widely used technique for DNA fingerprinting is STR analysis (Short Tandem Repeat analysis). Instead of analyzing the entire genome, STR analysis focuses on specific short DNA sequences of 2–6 base pairs that are repeated multiple times at certain loci. These repeat patterns differ between individuals, allowing precise DNA profiling.

[00:00] – Introduction
[00:19] – What is DNA fingerprinting?
[00:42] – Forensic applications
[01:05] – Other uses: diagnostics, ecology & research
[01:33] – STR analysis explained
[02:00] – Step-by-step process
[03:35] – Detection and comparison
[04:00] – Summary and blog reference

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