How Enzyme Reduce Activation Energy | Enzymes | Ibad Biology
Автор: Ibad Biology
Загружено: 2020-12-07
Просмотров: 791
Mechanism of Enzyme Action
There are three ways in which enzyme catalyze a chemical reaction and convert substrate(s) into product(s).
1. Reaction Mechanism
In a enzyme catalyzed reaction substrate is converted into product.
Substrate binds to the active site of enzyme – ES complex.
Substrate is converted into product while attached to enzyme, thus EP complex is formed.
Finally product is released and enzyme can start a new reaction.
2. Molecular Geometry of Enzyme
When the substrate molecule binds to the active site of enzyme, the enzyme changes its shape and twisting the molecule.
Thus converting it into product.
Enzyme may stretch the bonds in substrate and are broken OR
the enzyme can change the PH, water concentration or ions concentration in the active site so that the reaction can proceed, and substrate is more likely to be converted into product(s).
3. Energy Changes
Consider a reaction where the products has lower energy than substrates.
Substrate naturally turns into products.
But substrates must cross an energy barrier called activation energy.
Rate of reaction is inversely proportional to activation energy.
Larger the activation energy, slower the reaction will be.
Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction, so that most substrate molecules can get over the activation energy barrier.
How enzyme reduce Activation Energy?
For a chemical reaction to occur the reactants must collide with sufficient kinetic energy and a specific orientation.
The reactants must collide to break existing bonds, to form transition state.
Enzyme reduces the activation energy by providing reactants with better orientation, and increasing the rate of successful collisions.
Thus stabilizing transition state and increasing the rate of reaction.
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