什么是病理解剖和活检 徐恩伟 山西省肿瘤医院

什么是病理解剖和活检 徐恩伟 山西省肿瘤医院
广义的病理解剖包括尸体解剖。尸体解剖一般来讲，现在医院常规是不做的。现在多数情况是用于明确死亡原因的。现在更多的是法医来做这个工作，病理科常规的工作主要是对生病的器官或者是切除的肿瘤进行病理检查，以明确疾病的诊断指导临床的治疗。活检指的是活检也叫做活体组织检查，活检是指从人体病变的部位通过各种方法比如通过穿刺，活检前的摇曲等等，获取到病变组织。然后把病变组织送到病理科，根据一系列的检查程序，最后通过显微镜观察来判断这个疾病到底是什么样的疾病。活检的方法有很多种的，比如内窥镜，内窥镜指的就是胃镜、肠镜，或者气管镜等等。通过内窥镜的活检前取病变的组织，再一个是直接穿刺，比如体表的一个肿块，可以用空心针在体表直接做穿刺。，穿刺的组织做病理检查。或是有些肿块位置比较深，这样就需要在影像科的帮助下比如在B超、CT的引导下，定位的肿瘤以后做穿刺的活检。再把活检标本送到病理科做检查。

What is pathological anatomy and biopsy
General pathological anatomy includes autopsy. Autopsy, in general, Now the hospital routine is not to do. Now most of the cases are used to determine the cause of death. Now it's more about forensics, The routine work of the pathology department is to carry out pathological examination on the diseased organ or the removed tumor, To make clear the diagnosis of the disease and guide the clinical treatment. Biopsy is also called biopsy, Biopsy refers to various methods, such as puncture, from the pathological part of human body, Shaking before biopsy, etc, The diseased tissue was obtained. Then send the diseased tissue to the pathology department, According to a series of inspection procedures, At last, we can judge what kind of disease this disease is by microscope observation. There are many methods of biopsy, Like an endoscope, Endoscope refers to gastroscope and enteroscope, Or tracheoscopy and so on. The diseased tissue was taken before biopsy by endoscope, Another is direct puncture, For example, a lump on the body surface, The hollow needle can be used to puncture directly on the body surface. Pathological examination of the punctured tissue Or some of them are deep So we need the help of the imaging department, such as under the guidance of B ultrasound and CT Biopsy after localization of tumor Then send the biopsy sample to the pathology department for examination