Part 20 Hack the Protocol Stack - Satellite Communication: LEO, GEO, GPS & Packet Switching in Space

In this enlightening episode of "Hack the Protocol Stack", we explore the fascinating world of satellite communication. From the orbits circling Earth to how your GPS works, we break down the principles behind low earth orbit (LEO), geostationary (GEO), GPS, MEO, and ISS satellites—and how data gets routed across space.

We examine why different orbits are used for different communication purposes, how packet switching works between ground and orbiting stations, and why GEO is critical for real-time communication infrastructures.

⏰ Timestamps:
00:00 ▶️ Introduction to Satellite Communication
01:10 ▶️ Understanding Earth Orbits: LEO, ISS, MEO, GPS, GEO
02:40 ▶️ Applications of Each Orbit in Communication
04:10 ▶️ Role of GEO Orbits in Real-Time/Critical Communication
05:20 ▶️ Packet Switching Between LEO and GEO Satellites

📌 What You'll Learn:
• Types of satellite orbits and their characteristics
• Real-world applications of LEO, GEO, and GPS systems
• Why latency and coverage vary with orbit types
• How communication switches between satellite layers
• Infrastructure challenges in satellite networking

🛰️ Concepts Covered:
• Orbital Mechanics for Communication
• Packet Switching
• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
• Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
• Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Satellite Uplinks & Downlinks

📢 Community & Resources:
🌐 Website: https://acql.ir
📸 Instagram: aiooo_cql
📢 Telegram: @aioooir
🐦 Twitter: @aioooir
💻 GitHub: https://github.com/aiooord

🧪 Challenge for Viewers:
Map out your own hypothetical satellite communication system: choose an orbit (LEO, MEO, or GEO), define what data you're transmitting (GPS, weather, internet), and determine what switching method you'd use. Then simulate the latency trade-offs.