Supreme Court of India: Indian Polity UPSC; Lecture 47

In this video, We are going to learn Supreme Court of India: Composition, Powers and Functions(Article 124-147). Indian Polity Lecture 47.

I have explained about the qualification, tenure, removal process of a Supreme Court Judge.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.

India is a federal State and has a single and unified judicial system with three tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts and Subordinate Courts.

The promulgation of Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta as a Court of Record, with full power & authority.

It was established to hear and determine all complaints for any crimes and also to entertain, hear and determine any suits or actions in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

The Supreme Courts at Madras and Bombay were established by King George – III in 1800 and 1823 respectively.

The India High Courts Act 1861 created High Courts for various provinces and abolished Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns.

These High Courts had the distinction of being the highest Courts for all cases till the creation of Federal Court of India under the Government of India Act 1935.

The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeal against Judgements from High Courts.

After India attained independence in 1947, the Constitution of India came into being on 26 January 1950. The Supreme Court of India also came into existence and its first sitting was held on 28 January 1950.

The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all Courts within the territory of India.
It has the power of judicial review – to strike down the legislative and executive action contrary to the provisions and the scheme of the constitution, the distribution of power between Union and States or inimical to the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
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