Why Fascism Still Matters? | UPSC PSIR Optional

This lecture unpacks fascism as a political movement and ideology: its origins after World War I, the role of Benito Mussolini in shaping classical Italian fascism, and the ideology’s key characteristics such as authoritarian leadership, hyper‑nationalism, militarism, and the subordination of individual rights to the state. You will get a concise historical timeline, clear definitions of central concepts, comparisons with other authoritarian systems, and a discussion of fascism’s global spread and long‑term consequences.

Definition and core features of fascism including cult of the leader, anti‑parliamentarianism, and state supremacy.
Historical context explaining why fascism emerged in the interwar period and the social and economic conditions that helped it spread.
Key figures and movements with a focus on Mussolini’s Italy and how that model influenced other regimes.
Contemporary relevance: how to spot rhetorical and political patterns that echo fascist ideas today.

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