Gupta Economy | From Golden Age Prosperity to Agrarian Transition | History | Drishti IAS

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In this video, Mr. Ajay Dwivedi, Expert Faculty at Drishti IAS, explains the nature and transformation of the Gupta-period economy, focusing on the interlinkages between economy, society, and administration. The session highlights how the early Gupta rulers such as Samudragupta and Chandragupta II presided over a phase of economic prosperity marked by gold coinage, urban growth, temple architecture, and flourishing Indo-Roman trade.
Mr. Dwivedi further discusses how the decline of Roman trade, reduction in Roman purchasing power, the rise of Sassanian Persia, and religious restrictions on sea voyages contributed to the contraction of foreign trade in the later Gupta period. Using epigraphic evidence like the Mandasor inscription, the lecture explains the rise in unemployment, migration of artisan guilds towards agriculture, and increasing dependence on land.
The session also covers land classification and taxation as reflected in texts such as Narada Smriti and Amarakosha, including concepts like Bhaga, Uparikara, Udranga, Hiranya, and Meya. These economic changes significantly impacted governance, legal systems, and social relations, laying the groundwork for early feudal tendencies in Gupta India.


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