Chromosome Analysis | Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH) | Genetics Basics | Cell Biology

▬ Comparative Genome Hybridization ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH) is a molecular genetic technique used to detect chromosomal imbalances, such as deletions or amplifications, in DNA samples. The method involves comparing the DNA from two different sources, typically a normal sample and a sample from a patient with a suspected genetic disorder and identifying any differences in copy number between the two.

CGH is a powerful tool for detecting chromosomal imbalances that are too small to be detected by traditional karyotyping techniques.
It is also less invasive and time-consuming than other methods, such as FISH and PCR-based assays. However, it does not provide information on the specific genes that are affected by the chromosomal imbalance, and additional testing may be necessary to determine the underlying genetic cause of the disorder.

CGH is often used to detect copy number variations (CNVs) that are associated with various genetic disorders, including cancer, developmental disorders, and intellectual disabilities. The technique involves labeling the DNA from the normal sample with one type of fluorescent dye and the DNA from the patient sample with another type of fluorescent dye. The labeled DNA from both samples is then mixed and hybridized to a microarray or slide containing probes that represent regions of the genome.

▬ Indications for Chromosome Analysis ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The situations in which cytogenetic investigation is advised are suspected chromosomal abnormalities, multiple congenital anomalies and/or developmental retardation, disorders of sexual function, undiagnosed intellectual disability, certain malignancies, infertility or multiple miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death.

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