How to generate JWT in ASP NET Core Web API || Complete Guide to Implementing JWT in .NET API 9.0🚀💥

How to generate JWT in ASP NET Core Web API || Complete Guide to Implementing JWT in .NET API 9.0🚀💥
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ASP.NET Core Web API JWT Authentication Tutorial

In this tutorial, we’ll walk through how to set up JWT (JSON Web Token) authentication in an ASP.NET Core Web API project. You'll gain a solid grasp of how JWTs work and how they’re applied in securing web applications.

✅ What is JWT?

JWT stands for JSON Web Token, a lightweight and URL-safe token format used to transmit claims between two parties securely. These claims are encoded as a JSON object and are commonly used for secure communication between a client and a server.

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🚀 Why Choose JWT?

JWT has become the standard for handling authentication in modern web development. Here’s why:

1. Stateless – JWT eliminates the need for server-side session storage. Each token is self-contained, allowing your app to scale more efficiently.
2. Secure – Tokens are signed using either a secret key or a public/private key pair, ensuring the token hasn’t been tampered with.
3. Versatile – JWT works across different domains and platforms, making it a great fit for microservices and distributed systems.

📌 When to Use JWT?

JWT is a great choice for any situation that calls for secure, stateless user authentication, such as:

API authentication for ASP.NET Core Web APIs.
Single Sign-On (SSO) across various applications.
Authentication in mobile app and single-page applications (SPAs).

🔑 Benefits of Using JWT

Performance Boost – No server-side session storage means better performance.
Extensibility – JWTs can hold custom claims, offering flexibility for various scenarios.
Cross-Platform – JWTs are language-agnostic, enabling use in different ecosystems.

By understanding how JWTs function and their advantages, you'll be better prepared to implement secure and efficient authentication in your ASP.NET Core Web APIs.

👨‍💻 Hands-On JWT Authentication in ASP.NET Core

We’ll now dive into an actual implementation to see JWT authentication in action:

1. Install the JWT Authentication Library
Start by adding the `Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer` package, which enables token-based authentication in ASP.NET Core.

2. Configure JWT Settings
In `appsettings.json`, define the key elements for token generation:
`Issuer`
`Audience`
`Secret Key`
`Token Expiration`

3. Setup Authentication Middleware
Within `Program.cs`, configure the authentication scheme using `AddJwtBearer`. Set key options like `RequireHttpsMetadata`, `SaveToken`, and `TokenValidationParameters` to validate token integrity.

4. Create Request & Response Models
Build classes such as `LoginRequest` (username/password) and `LoginResponse` (token, expiration time, etc.) to structure your API payloads.

5. Develop the JWT Token Service
Implement a service layer that handles:
User credential validation
Password hashing
JWT token creation using the configured settings

This service will connect to the database using dependency-injected `DbContext` and configuration.

6. Build the Auth Controller
Add a controller that accepts login requests. If credentials are valid, it returns a JWT. Otherwise, it responds with a 401 Unauthorized.

7. Protect API Endpoints
Secure your controller actions with the `[Authorize]` attribute. Seed a default user into your database for testing.

8. Test with Swagger UI
Finally, set up Swagger to include JWT support. Log in to get a token, then use it to access protected routes—demonstrating a full working JWT authentication flow.

By the end of this walkthrough, you'll have built a fully functional JWT-secured Web API in ASP.NET Core, with real-world features like login, protected routes, and token-based access.

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