FUTURE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA | IN TELUGU | VISIONOPEDIA

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity.
EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.

EVs first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Modern internal combustion engines have been the dominant propulsion method for motor vehicles for almost 100 years, but electric power has remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.

Commonly, the term EV is used to refer to an electric car. In the 21st century, EVs have seen a resurgence due to technological developments, and an increased focus on renewable energy and the potential reduction of transportation's impact on climate change and other environmental issues. Project Drawdown describes electric vehicles as one of the 100 best contemporary solutions for addressing climate change.

Hybrid EVs

Plug-in electric vehicle

Range-extended electric vehicle

On- and off-road EVs

Railborne EVs

EVs release no tailpipe air pollutants; however, EVs are charged with electricity that is generated by means that have health and environmental impacts, and the air emissions associated with manufacturing an electric vehicle can be greater than those of manufacturing a conventional vehicle.

Overall, the air emissions from producing and operating an EV can be less than or greater than those of producing and operating a conventional vehicle, depending on the regional electricity grid mix, timing of EV charging, driving patterns, climate, the set of air emissions under consideration, and the specific electric and conventional vehicle designs being compared.

Depending on the scope and assumptions of a given study, authors may claim that EVs are environmentally superior to conventional vehicles, that they cause more pollution, or that the answer depends on a variety of factors. In general, in regions where the electricity grid is low-emitting, EVs can reduce health and environmental costs from air emissions; however, because electricity is traded across regions and the mix of generators in the electricity grid respond to demand and market signals in complex ways, it can be difficult to unambiguously identify marginal emissions generated from power plants when an EV is charged.

One limitation of the environmental potential of EVs is that simply switching the existing privately owned car fleet from ICEs to EVs will not free up road space for active travel or public transport. Electric micromobility vehicles, such as e-bikes, may contribute to the decarbonisation of transport systems, especially outside of urban areas which are already well-served by public transport.