5 levels of using exception groups in python

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Mastering Exception Groups in Python: A 5-Level Tutorial

Exception groups, introduced in Python 3.11, are a powerful feature that allows you to handle multiple exceptions simultaneously and programmatically. This provides a more structured and efficient way to deal with errors arising from concurrent or parallel operations, where multiple exceptions might occur in a single workflow.

This tutorial will guide you through 5 levels of understanding and utilizing exception groups, starting with the basics and progressing to more advanced use cases.

*Level 1: Understanding the Fundamentals*

At its core, an exception group is a container that holds multiple exceptions. They are useful when you want to:

Capture multiple exceptions at once.
Handle different exceptions in a single try-except block.
Filter and process exceptions based on their type or properties.

The two key components of exception groups are:

`ExceptionGroup`: The base class for creating an exception group. It requires a message string describing the group and an iterable of exceptions that belong to the group.
`BaseExceptionGroup`: The base class for `ExceptionGroup`. It inherits from `BaseException` and provides the foundation for working with groups of exceptions.

Let's look at a basic example:



In this example:

`process_items` processes a list of items and collects any `ValueError` or `TypeError` exceptions that arise.
If any exceptions are collected, it raises an `ExceptionGroup` containing those exceptions.
The `try-except` block catches the `ExceptionGroup` and iterates through the individual exceptions to print them.

*Level 2: Using `except*` for Targeted Handling*

The `except*` syntax is the main tool for handling exception groups in a more targeted way. `except*` allows you to handle only the exceptions of a certain type while propagating the remaining exceptions. This provides more granular control compared to a simple `except ExceptionGroup` ...

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