Wire cut machine model no. Dk7745

Definition of Technology

In modern times, the term technology is sometimes used to describe relatively recently invented devices, such as computers, cellular phones, and cars. Historically, however, technology has been defined much more broadly and includes more primitive machines, devices, and tools, such as hunting spears, the wheel, and the printing press. Technology is the application of systematic knowledge toward the development of a device, machine, or method of making or doing things.
Examples of Early Technology Spreading
Once technologies are used successfully, there is a tendency to spread the new method, device, or tool. With some technologies, it is difficult to pinpoint the details of technology adaptation because there are often many iterations or versions of a technology. The spread is also dependent on the characteristics of the technology itself, like how expensive and accessible it is.

The technology of writing, for instance, started in ancient Mesopotamia when accountants used the method to track the flow of goods. As the practice was established, more and more people started using writing to communicate. Soon after this development, as an independent event, people in Egypt started writing in hieroglyphics. These writing methods spread throughout their geographical regions over time. In ancient times, however, not every citizen wrote. Writing was time-consuming and was generally reserved for the upper portion of society.


Egyptian hieroglyphics are an early writing technology.

hieroglyphics are early writing technology

The spread of more recent technologies can be tracked by data showing when 50 percent of the population owned or used the technology. In the United States in the 1940s, 50 percent of the population had a refrigerator and a telephone, and in the 1990s 50 percent of the population had a dishwasher and a computer. Some of these technologies spread more quickly than others. The time that it takes for a technology to spread can depend on the price of the item, the value it creates for the consumer, and how accessible the item is, among other factors.

The globalization of the earth has increased the speed of the spread of many modern technologies. Globalization generally links countries so that knowledge is more easily spread among various regions. Additionally, it is thought that globalization increases competition for technological developments among nations.

Examples of Revised Technology
Over time, many technologies are changed and revised. Additionally, new technologies are built on the foundation of older technologies. Humans use existing building blocks to assemble new technologies. One example is the printing press. Gutenberg, who created technology for printing with movable type in the 15th century, was not the first to use moveable pieces in the printing process. In 11th century China, separate porcelain pieces were used for printing. Additionally, in 13th century Korea, individual metal characters were part of the printing process. Gutenburg was able to use previously developed technologies, like the Roman alphabet, metal-smelting, the wooden press, ink, and paper to create a new technology. Following Gutenberg's printing press, paper printing became an important way of disseminating information. Eventually, technologies such as the mass printing of books, magazines, and newspapers followed.


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