Five Kingdom of Classification Class 11 And 09 By Mr.Hadi || Robert Whittaker Classification System

Five Kingdom Classification For Class 9 And 11 Is Discuss In English By Mr.Hadi
Point To Ponder:
1- What is classification?
Classification is the arrangement of plants and animals in taxonomic groups according to the similarities and differences observed.

2- What is kingdom classification?
Kingdom classification is the highest classification into which the organisms are grouped in the taxonomy. It is ranked above the phylum.

3- On what basis are the living organisms divided in the five-kingdom classification?
The living organisms are divided into five different kingdoms – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Monera on the basis of their characteristics such as cell structure, mode of nutrition, mode of reproduction and body organization.

4- What is the basic unit of classification?
Species are the basic unit of classification. The organisms that have the same characteristics and can breed with each other to produce fertile offspring are known to belong to the same species.

5- In which kingdom are the prokaryotes classified?
The prokaryotes are classified into kingdom Monera. There are two other kingdoms, including prokaryotes- Eubacteria and Archaea.
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Five Kingdom Classification
The five-kingdom classification that we see today was not the initial result of the classification of living organisms. Carolus Linnaeus first came up with a two-kingdom classification which included only kingdom Plantae and kingdom Animalia.
Putting all the organisms in either plant or animal kingdom was insufficient because there were a lot of organisms which could not be classified as either plants or animals.
All these confusions led to a new mode of classification which had to take into account cell structure, the presence of cell wall, mode of reproduction and mode of nutrition. As a result, R H Whittaker came up with the concept of the five-kingdom classification.
The five-kingdom classification of living organisms included the following kingdoms:

1- Kingdom Monera:
The bacteria are categorized underneath the Kingdom Monera.
Features of Monerans:
They possess the following important features:
1-Bacteria occur everywhere and they are microscopic in nature.
2-They possess a cell wall and are prokaryotic.
3-The cell wall is formed of amino acids and polysaccharides.
4-Bacteria can be heterotrophic and autotrophic.
5-The heterotrophic bacteria can be parasitic or saprophytic. The autotrophic bacteria can be chemosynthetic or photosynthetic.

2- Kingdom Protista:
They possess the following important features:
Features of Protista:
1-Protista has the following important features:
2-They are unicellular and eukaryotic organisms.
3-Some of them have cilia or flagella for mobility.
4-Sexual reproduction is by a process of cell fusion and zygote formation.

3- Kingdom Fungi:
The kingdom fungi include moulds, mushroom, yeast etc. They show a variety of applications in domestic as well as commercial purposes.
Features of Kingdom Fungi:
1-The fungi are filamentous, excluding yeast (single-celled).
2-Their figure comprises slender, long thread-like constructions called hyphae. The web of hyphae is called mycelium.
3-Some of the hyphae are unbroken tubes which are jam-packed with multinucleated cytoplasm. Such hyphae are labelled Coenocytic hyphae.
4-The other type of hyphae has cross-walls or septae.
5-The cell wall of fungi is composed of polysaccharides and chitin.
6-Most of the fungi are saprophytes and are heterotrophic.

4- Kingdom Plantae:
They possess the following important features:
Features of Kingdom Plantae:
1-The kingdom Plantae is filled with all eukaryotes which have chloroplast.
2-Most of them are autotrophic in nature, but some are heterotrophic as well.
3-The Cell wall mainly comprises cellulose.
4-Plants have two distinct phases in their lifecycle. These phases alternate with each other. The diploid saprophytic and the haploid gametophytic phase. The lengths of the diploid and haploid phases vary among dissimilar groups of plants.

5- Kingdom Animalia:
They possess the following important features:
Features of Kingdom Animalia:
1-All multicellular eukaryotes which are heterotrophs and lack cell wall are set aside under this kingdom.
2-The animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants for food. Their mode of nutrition is holozoic. Holozoic nutrition encompasses ingestion of food and then the use of an internal cavity for digestion of food.
3-Many of the animals are adept for locomotion.
4-They reproduce by sexual mode of reproduction.

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