How to Build an Automatic Light Control System Using LDR & LM741 Op-Amp in Proteus

This video demonstrates an automatic lighting control system using an LDR (Light-Dependent Resistor) and LM741 op-amp in Proteus Software. The circuit turns on a lamp automatically when it gets dark, ideal for applications like streetlights, garden lighting, or home automation.

Key Features:

LDR Sensor: Detects ambient light levels and adjusts resistance accordingly (high resistance in darkness, low in brightness).
LM741 Op-Amp: Acts as a comparator to activate the LED when light drops below a threshold.
Adjustable Sensitivity: Use RV1 (1kΩ potentiometer) to set the light threshold (e.g., 3.9995kΩ shown in simulation).
LED Indicator: Yellow LED lights up when it’s dark.
12V Power Supply: Safe operation with low-voltage DC input.
How It Works:

Light Sensing:
In darkness, LDR resistance increases → Voltage at op-amp’s non-inverting input (pin 3) rises.
If voltage at pin 3 pin 2 (reference set by RV1), op-amp output goes HIGH.
LED Activation:
HIGH output turns on the LED (D1) through R1 (220Ω).
Sensitivity Adjustment:
RV1 fine-tunes the light level at which the LED activates.
What you’ll learn:

How LDRs interface with op-amps for light-based control.
Role of LM741 as a comparator in sensor circuits.
Adjustable threshold tuning using potentiometers.
Simulating real-world circuits in Proteus.
⚠️ Safety Note: Always use isolation transformers and follow safety protocols when working with high-voltage loads.

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