ARMED REPRISALS IN ITALY: German Interpretation of International Law in World War II Part 3

A video discussing German interpretation of international law during World War II.

Germany considered the armed reprisal to be an appropriate means of dealing with civilian populations, under their interpretation of international law. This video examines the experiences of the 65th Infantry Division in detail, against the backdrop of Germany's complicated relationship with Italy during the war.

0:00 Intro
02:22 Italians as Allies
06:03 CASE AXIS
08:21 Southern Italy
11:08 The War Changes
13:01 Anti-Partisan Operations by the Hand Grenade Division
16:25 The War on Civilians
23:21 The End of the Partisan War
24:57 Kesselring's Trial
27:55 The Hostages Trial
30:08 The German View
33:03 Conclusion
35:33 End Credits

The following references were used in part in researching this video:

Albrecht, A.R. "War Reprisals in the War Crimes Trials and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949"

Battistelli, Pier Paolo and Piero Crociani "World War II Partisan Warfare in Italy" Osprey Publishing Ltd, Botley, Oxford, UK, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4728-0893-6

Dorosh, Michael A. "Indescribable Ordeal: The History of the German 65th Infantry Division 1942-45" (handgrenadedivision.com, 2021) ISBN 978-1-6780-7776-1

Neitzel, Sönke and Harald Welzer (Translated by Jefferson Chase) "Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying" S. Fischer Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, 2011 ISBN 978-0-7710-5105-0

Rosen, Tove (ed.). The Influence of the Nuremberg Trial on International Criminal Law (accessed online at https://www.roberthjackson.org/speech... )

Velten, Wilhelm. "Vom Kugelbaum zur Handgranate - Der Weg der 65. Infanterie-Division" Kurt-Vowinckel-Verlag, Neckargemünd 1974

Wette, Wolfram (translated by Deborah Lucas Schneider), "The Wehrmacht" (Harvard University Press, 2009) ISBN 978-0-6740-4511-8

Worrall, Richard. "The Italian Blitz 1940-43: Bomber Command's War Against Mussolini's Cities, Docks and Factories" Osprey Publishing Ltd., Botley, Oxford, UK, 2020 ISBN 9-781-4728-4145-2

Law Reports of Trials of war Criminals: Selected and Prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, Volume VIII (UN War Crimes Commission, printed by His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1949) (accessed online at https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/... )

Music

Arcadia
Arid Foothills
Ave Marimba
Crowd Hammer
Journey to Ascend
Legend of One
Mystery
Oppressive Gloom
Resignation
Second Coming
Serpentine Trek
Sudden Defeat
Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons:
By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b...

Motion Picture Footage

Massacre in Rome
Compagnia Cinemetagrafica Champion
1973

The Eagle Has Landed
ITC Entertainment
1977

Miracle at St. Anna
Touchstone Pictures
2008

Image of the Ardeatine Caves Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International License

More information on the German Army in general, and the 65th Infantry Division in particular, can be found at www.handgrenadedivision.com