Five Civilizations that began Africa

Africa is home to some of the world's oldest and most influential civilizations, each contributing uniquely to human history through advancements in governance, culture, technology, and trade. Two major African civilisations developed in African antiquity: one around the Nile River in the northeast and the other, somewhat younger, around the Niger River in the west. The 5 oldest African civilizations—Ancient Egypt, Kush (Nubia), Carthage, Nok, and Garamantes—all came to an end through various complex processes involving invasions, internal decline, environmental changes, and shifts in trade routes.

00:00 Introduction & Ancient Egypt
01:46 Kingdom of Kush (Nubia)
02:56 Nok Civilization
03:47 Ancient Carthage
05:06 Garamantes

Credits:
The so-called "Roman kiosk" (right) and temple of Apedemak (left), Naqa (1st century AD): By User:LassiHU - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
The ruins of Garama, one of the major settlements: By Franzfoto - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Rulers of Kush, Kerma Museum: By Matthias Gehricke - This file has been extracted from another file, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
The pyramids of Meroe – UNESCO World Heritage: By Fabrizio Demartis - cropped from https://www.flickr.com/photos/8191913..., CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Pyramids of Kushite rulers at Nuri: By Vit Hassan - originally posted to Flickr as -Monuments-, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Nubian Prince Heqanefer bringing tribute for The Egyptian King Tutankhamun, 18th dynasty, Tomb of Huy. c. 1342 – c. 1325 BC: By EditorfromMars - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Kheops pyramid: By Nina - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
11th Dynasty model of Nubian archers in the Egyptian army, from a tomb in Asyut (c. 2130–1991 BC): By Aidan McRae Thomson, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Reconstruction of Dungur: By Zheim - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Area of the Nok culture, English version: By NordNordWest - Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Heidelberg, Heft Juli 2008, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
At Nok sites, metal tools made around 500 B.C. (Courtesy Barbara Voss): https://archaeology.org/issues/online...
By Ji-Elle - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Sculpture de la culture Nok,: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Amer Ghandour fr:Image:IMG 3969 (118).jpg: By Original uploader was Ericguillouard at fr.wikipedia - Transferred from fr.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany - Bronze statue of a Hellenistic prince, 1st half of 2nd century BC, found on the Quirinal in Rome, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome, CC BY-SA 2.0, The "Hellenistic Prince", tentatively identified as Scipio Aemilianus: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...