The Five Dominant Operating Systems That Manage Civilization: An Archaeology of Political Ontology
Автор: Atef Ayadi
Загружено: 2025-12-02
Просмотров: 365
this paper analyzes western civilization's five major socio-economic structures—feudalism, liberalism, keynesianism, neoclassical theory, and neoliberalism—as successive "operating systems" that manage societal organization. it argues these systems form incompatible legacy layers in our civilizational software, where older code (ontologies and epistemologies) persists beneath newer installations. the analysis reveals how feudalism's hierarchical logic, liberalism's market kernel, keynesianism's stability patches, and neoliberalism's commodification drive create profound systemic conflicts. the paper concludes that contemporary crises represent fundamental operating failures requiring complete system redesign rather than superficial patches.
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