Definitive (hopefully) RAMPS 24v mod information and how to guide

I am trying to get into the habit of making these reference guide videos for frequently asked questions, so even though the RAMPS series is technically finished, I thought it would be nice to have a video to direct all questions about RAMPS mods to: HOPEFULLY, this is the definitive guide on what you have to do to safely run your RAMPS board at higher voltages, the benefits, the possible hurdles, etc. Since there are so many variations on the basic RAMPS design, this will hit an overview of the main concerns, as well as solutions and alternatives.

I do not demonstrate all the mods in this video (since it was pushing a half hour in length already) but they are all at least touched upon. I'll include some useful product links below by support links )some will be affiliate links, others not).

TIME INDEX:
2:50 Benefits of higher voltage
Ohms law
4:00 -Connectors
8:23 -MOSFETs
10:00 -Bed math
12:30 Backfeeding vs USB power
15:50 MODS doe 8-bit MEGA
19:30 MODS for 24 bit RE-Arm
19:55 DUE and misc MODS
21:27 Setups that don't require mods

My contribution links:

MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION:
  / alexkenis  

ONE-TIME CONTRIBUTION:
https://PayPal.me/AlexKenis

Background music by my band Solamors, you can contribute by buying a copy on bandcamp.com, or iTunes, Google Play, etc etc:
https://solamors.bandcamp.com
https://aletheian.bandcamp.com

PRODUCTS and blog:
AlexKenis.com (redirects to my blog at the moment)

Amazon AFILIATE LINK:
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=alexkenis...

RELATED PARTS LINKS (domestic and Az Prime sources, but you may find them cheaper overseas, if you are willing to wait for shipping):

The MOSFET I use on RAMPS MODs
Amazon https://amzn.to/2GPERHH
Digikey https://www.digikey.com/short/pcdmvv

Adafruit USB power switcher (no data lines connected)
https://amzn.to/2BS0GjP

The 100uF, 50v decoupling caps I use for external driver decoupling
https://amzn.to/2RruJsu

1.5A stepper motors (work with a wide range of drivers)
https://amzn.to/2BR3D4j

BIQU RAMPS 1.6 (now open source), and 1.6a onboard SPI to steppers
https://amzn.to/2LFaq5J
https://amzn.to/2SwIXWo

Common LM2596 dc-dc voltage converter
https://amzn.to/2LFam5Z

The MEGA board I use (because it has markings on the side, wooo)
https://amzn.to/2BTYwAa

Highly recommended 'bang for the buck' multimeter
https://amzn.to/2BTeevx