HPC Terminology and Core Concepts - What's in a Node?

HPC Terminology and 'Core' Concepts
Nodes, Cores, and Processors
Tasks, Threads, and Processes
Shared vs Distributed Memory
Scheduling options - when should you limit the number of tasks put on each node?

NCSU OIT Research Services, High Performance Computing (HPC), published December 2021 as stand alone excerpt from original video "Henry2: Basic HPC Workshop: Parallel Jobs - March 2020".
Presented by: Lisa L. Lowe, PhD

Here is the Rosetta Stone of Workload Managers, courtesy of SLURM:
https://slurm.schedmd.com/rosetta.pdf

If this video manages to bring clarity to a difficult subject, it is with great thanks to John Urbanic of PSC and Yuqing Du of NCSU. If it muddies things further, the fault is strictly mine own...hopefully you find some humor in it regardless. - Lisa

Credits:
Blue, 3 panel diagram of Node/Processor/Cores adapted from:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/...

Node diagram from:
https://epcced.github.io/hpc-intro/12...

Help with definitions from:
LLNL - https://hpc.llnl.gov/training/tutoria...
XSEDE MPI Workshop by John Urbanic at Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center -    • Intro to Parallel Computing - MPI Playlist...