America's Forgotten Colonies

Americans learn in school about the 13 colonies that revolted against Great Britain's rule to form the USA, but you might not know that these 13 colonies weren't even the only British colonies on the US East Coast, and there were plenty of other colonies of other European powers, too. Some might be more familiar than others, but all had a role to play in making the US what it is today. So, what were these forgotten colonies? Let's Explore!

NOTE: People in the comments have helpfully brought up some colonies I missed. These include the Spanish Ajacán Mission in Virginia, French Charlesfort in South Carolina, and Transylvania and the proposed Vandalia and Charlotina past the Appalachians. Please feel free to check the comments for more.

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:32 The 13 Colonies
1:10 Spanish Start
1:55 The Southern Colonies
4:57 The Middle Colonies
6:37 New England
8:33 Puritan Exiles
10:31 Beyond the East Coast
11:06 Outro

Corrections:
2:55 Virginia's economy moved from indentured servitude to chattel slavery only after the founding of Maryland and the Carolinas. See pinned comment for more.
8:05 His name was Thomas Morton, not James
9:10 Please ignore the on-screen 'correction', I had the pronunciation correct in the narration.

End theme: Yankee Doodle

Totals: 21 Forgotten, 7 Non-English, and 13 original

All Colonies:
13 original: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
Forgotten: Roanoke, Carolana, Carolina, East Florida, West Florida, East Jersey, West Jersey, Plymouth, Popham, Wessagusset, Cape Ann, Mount Wollaston (Merrymount), Providence Plantations, Portsmouth, Newport, Warwick, Saybrook, New Haven, Lygonia, New Somersetshire (Maine), Dominion of New England
Non-English: Ponce de Leon's Florida Colony, San Miguel de Gualdape, St Augustine (Florida), Fort Caroline, New Netherland, New Sweden, St. Croix Island (Acadia).

Sources:
"Sir Arthur Hesilrige and the Saybrook Colony", Hugh R. Engstrom, Jr. Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3
(Autumn, 1973), pp. 157-168. The North American Conference on British Studies. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4048260
"Profile of Failure: The Carolana Project, 1629-1640", Paul E. Kopperman. The North Carolina Historical Review , January, 1982, Vol. 59, No. 1 (January, 1982), pp. 1-23. North Carolina Office of Archives and History. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535554
"Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón's Doomed Colony of San Miguel de Gualdape", Douglas T. Peck. The Georgia Historical Quarterly , SUMMER 2001, Vol. 85, No. 2 (SUMMER 2001), pp. 183-198. Georgia Historical Society http://www.jstor.com/stable/40584407
Hidalgo, Dennis R (2001). "To Get Rich for Our Homeland: The Company of Scotland and the Colonization of the Isthmus of Darien". Colonial Latin American Historical Review. 10 (3): 311 – via UNM University Libraries.
Colonial America: A History, 1585-1776 (2nd edition). Middleton, Richard. 1996.
The peopling of British North America: an introduction. Bailyn, Bernard. 1986-1988.
The peopling of British North America: The Barbarous Years. Bailyn, Bernard. 2012.
America's Forgotten Colonial History: Dana Huntley. 2019.

Creative Commons Image Credits:

Taos Pueblo: Bradley Weber, CC BY
Jamestown Church: Tony Fischer, CC BY