Malls Weren't Supposed to be Like This

Victor Gruen is considered the father of shopping malls, but he envisioned something more than shopping centers surrounded by asphalt parking lots.

Timestamps:
0:00 The Car Centric Shopping Experience
3:30 Purpose of a Mall
6:00 The Gruen Effect
7:09 Victor Gruen & Suburbia
11:22 Southdale Center
12:42 A Tragic Downgrading in Quality
14:29 The Golden Age of the Mall
15:20 Malls Are Dying
17:02 Chance for New Life
20:17 Leave Downtown, Downtown

Sources:

Mall Maker Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream
https://archive.org/details/mallmaker...

SouthTowne Crossing Commercial:
http://www.shopsouthtownecrossing.com/

Vehicle Trips By Purpose
https://nhts.ornl.gov/vehicle-trips

Mall Walkers of Meadowood Mall
https://mynews4.com/news/local/meet-t...

How Ikea mastered the Gruen effect
https://www.vox.com/2018/10/17/179896...

Customer Impulse Purchasing Behavior
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3150160

Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppers' emotions, cognition, and spending
https://www.academia.edu/15579860/Imp...

Why the inventor of the shopping mall denounced his dream
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddes...

Southdale Center: America's first shopping mall
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/20...
https://www.gruenassociates.com/proje...

Father of shopping centers disowns his progeny
https://www.newspapers.com/image/2229...

America's Suburban Experiment
https://www.strongtowns.org/curbside-...

This Man Is the Father of Modern American Suburbia
   • This Man Is the Father of Modern American ...  

Victor Gruen Wanted to Make Our Suburbs More Urban. Instead, He Invented the Mall
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articl...

Southdale, the World's First Shopping Mall, Celebrates 60 Years
https://www.minnesotamonthly.com/arts...

Weather-Conditioned Shopping Center Opens
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/time...

Nov. 28, 1956: Frank Lloyd Wright at Southdale
https://www.startribune.com/nov-28-19...

The rise and fall of the American mall
https://www.businessinsider.com/the-r...

Malls are dying. The thriving ones are spending millions to reinvent themselves.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/busine...

25% of U.S. malls are expected to shut within 5 years.
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/27/25per...

Reno Entertainment District
https://redreno.com/