Monoclonal Antibodies - Class 12 Biology | FBISE New Book 2025-26 | Hybridoma Technology

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Monoclonal Antibodies || Class 12 Federal Board Biology New Book FBISE 2025-26

In this lecture, Ghazian Zoologist explains Monoclonal Antibodies according to the New Biology Book for Class 12 Federal Board (FBISE) 2025-26.
Topics Covered:
↪️Definition of Monoclonal Antibodies
✅Hybridoma Technology & Discovery (Milstein & Kohler)
✅Steps of Production: Immunization, Fusion (PEG), Selection, and Cloning.
✅Applications in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmune diseases.
This video is essential for students preparing for FBISE board exams and entry tests.


↪️ Video Timestamps
00:00 Introduction to Monoclonal Antibodies (Concept of "Mono" and "Clonal").
01:14 History & Discovery: Milstein, Kohler, and Jerne (1984 Nobel Prize).
02:40 Alternative Technologies: Phage Display (G. Smith) and Single B-cell Technology.
03:42 Fundamental Principles of Production.
04:20 Role of Cancerous (Myeloma) Cells in Hybridoma Technology.
05:35 Why Animals (Mice) are used for experiments.
08:29 Deep Dive into Hybridoma Technology.
09:53 Step 1: Immunization & Isolation of Plasma Cells.
11:35 Step 2: Fusion Methods (Chemical PEG vs. Electrical Fusion).
14:15 Step 3: Selection & Screening (The role of HGPRT enzyme).
16:00 Step 4: ELISA Test for Screening Positive Hybrids.
17:45 Step 5: Cloning & Characterization of Antibodies.
19:04 Step 6: Large Scale Production & Bio-reactors.
19:40 Clinical Applications: Treating Autoimmune Diseases (e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis).
22:50 Q&A: Why Myeloma cells are used instead of normal cells?



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