𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 || 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 || 𝗡𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀 || 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗔-𝗜𝗥

Insulin Resistance and Insulin Sensitivity: Understanding HOMA-IR and Its Role in Non-Communicable Diseases

Insulin resistance refers to a condition in which the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate, leading to elevated insulin levels in the blood. Insulin sensitivity, on the other hand, describes how effectively the body responds to insulin. Higher insulin sensitivity allows cells to use blood glucose more efficiently, reducing the risk of metabolic complications.

A common method to assess insulin resistance is the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). It provides an estimate based on fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels. The HOMA-IR formula is:

HOMA-IR = (Fasting insulin in µU/mL × Fasting glucose in mg/dL) / 405
(Or, when using glucose in mmol/L: HOMA-IR = (Fasting insulin × Fasting glucose) / 22.5)

Higher HOMA-IR values indicate greater insulin resistance. Although reference ranges can vary, a HOMA-IR above 2.5–3.0 is often considered indicative of insulin resistance in adults.

Insulin resistance plays a significant role in the development of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and some cancers. Chronic insulin resistance leads to persistent hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance, which can damage blood vessels, promote inflammation, and disrupt lipid metabolism. This cascade increases the risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other metabolic syndromes.

Detecting and managing insulin resistance early is critical to preventing the progression of these conditions. Lifestyle interventions such as improved diet, increased physical activity, and weight management are key strategies to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases globally.

   • 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝘆𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗲 || 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹, 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗯...  

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