Biotechnology (Principles And Process On NEET Exam

in this video explaned biotechnology (principles and ப்ரோஸ்ஸ்ஸ்

Introduction to Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a branch of science that involves the use of living organisms, biological systems, and technology to develop products and processes for human benefit. It combines biology with technology to enhance agriculture, medicine, industry, and environmental management.

Principles of Biotechnology

The two core principles of biotechnology are:

1. Genetic Engineering – The manipulation of an organism’s genetic material (DNA) to modify its characteristics. This includes gene cloning, recombinant DNA technology, and gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9.


2. Bioprocess Engineering – The use of biological systems (such as microbes, cells, and enzymes) for large-scale industrial production of useful products like vaccines, antibiotics, and biofuels.



Process of Biotechnology

1. Isolation of Genetic Material (DNA) – The desired DNA is extracted from a cell.


2. Cutting of DNA – Restriction enzymes (molecular scissors) are used to cut DNA at specific sites.


3. Gene Cloning – The isolated gene is inserted into a vector (like plasmids) and transferred into a host organism.


4. Transformation and Selection – The host cells take up recombinant DNA and are selected using markers.


5. Gene Expression & Production – The genetically modified organism (GMO) produces the desired protein or product.


6. Purification & Commercial Application – The final product is extracted, purified, and utilized in medicine, agriculture, or industry.



Applications of Biotechnology

Medical Biotechnology – Development of vaccines, gene therapy, and monoclonal antibodies.

Agricultural Biotechnology – Genetically modified (GM) crops for pest resistance and higher yields.

Industrial Biotechnology – Enzyme production for food, textiles, and biofuels.

Environmental Biotechnology – Waste management, bioremediation, and pollution control.


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