When to suspect Parkinson´s Disease?

Parkinson’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement but can also impact various non-motor functions. The most common motor symptoms include tremor, usually starting on one side of the body and most noticeable at rest, as well as bradykinesia, which refers to a general slowness of movement. Muscle rigidity is also typical, often resulting in stiffness and discomfort. Postural instability may develop in the later stages, leading to balance problems and an increased risk of falls. Other movement-related features include a shuffling gait, reduced arm swing, a masked facial expression, soft or monotone speech, and difficulty with fine motor skills such as writing or buttoning clothes.

In addition to movement problems, Parkinson’s Disease is associated with a wide range of non-motor symptoms that often appear early and can significantly affect daily life. These include autonomic dysfunctions such as constipation, low blood pressure when standing (orthostatic hypotension), urinary difficulties, and sexual dysfunction. Neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and cognitive decline or dementia may occur, particularly in advanced stages. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and REM sleep behavior disorder, are also common. Many patients experience a reduced sense of smell and may suffer from unexplained pain or discomfort. These non-motor symptoms are sometimes more disabling than the motor ones and require comprehensive management.