Pheochromocytoma Symptoms, Nursing NCLEX Lecture, Pathophysiology and Treatment | Endocrine

Pheochromocytoma nclex review lecture on the pathophysiology, causes, signs and symptoms, nursing interventions, treatment, and how it is diagnosed. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor found on the adrenal medulla that produces excessive amounts of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). Catecholamines are produced by the chromaffin cells found in the adrenal medulla and are what make up the tumor in pheochromocytoma. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are normally released when the sympathetic nervous system signals to the adrenal glands to release cathecholamine in response to a fight or flight response. However, in pheochromocytoma catecholamines are being released for no reason and the patient may experience the following signs and symptoms: increased blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, chest palpations, hyperglycemia, weight loss, tremors, facial flushing, heat intolerance etc. The cause of pheochromocytoma is due to a genetic disposition and seems to affect patients in early to middle-age. Treatment for pheochromocytoma includes an adrenalectomy (removal of the adrenal gland involved). Nursing interventions include monitoring vital signs, administered medications per doctor's order (such as alpha-adrenergic and beta blockers), collecting 24-hour urine (which is a test used to diagnose pheochromocytoma that looks for catacholamines and metanephrines in the urine), maintaining a cool, calm environment, etc. Don't forget to take the NCLEX review quiz.

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