Osmotic Adjustments in Plants Class 11 | Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes & Halophytes | New Book

Osmotic Adjustments in Plants, Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes, Halophytes, Osmotic Regulation, Water Stress Adaptation, Salt Stress Adaptation, Class 11 Biology Chapter 8, Plant Physiology, FSc Part 1 Biology, 2025 New Book, Punjab Textbook Board, Osmolytes, Turgor Maintenance — all explained with diagrams and easy examples by ilm-e-Biology 🌱💧

In this lecture, you will study how different types of plants adjust their internal water and solute concentration to survive in their respective habitats—whether extremely dry, extremely wet, or saline.
This lecture follows the 2025 New Syllabus of Class 11 Biology (Plant Physiology – Chapter 8).

📘 Chapter: Plant Physiology (Class 11 Biology 2025)
🎯 Topics Covered:
Hydrophytes (Water Plants) – Osmotic Adjustments

Reduced vascular tissue

Thin cuticle

Large air spaces

Low solute concentration

🌱 2. Mesophytes – Osmotic Adjustments

Normal stomatal regulation

Osmotic balance under moderate conditions

Temporary wilting & recovery

🌵 3. Xerophytes – Osmotic Adjustments

High solute concentration (proline, sugars, ions)

Thick cuticle & sunken stomata

Water storage tissues

Adaptations against drought stress

🧂 4. Halophytes – Osmotic Adjustments

Salt glands

High accumulation of ions (Na+, Cl–, K+)

Succulent leaves
Water uptake from saline soils

🔬 Additional Concepts:

Osmotic Stress vs Water Stress

Compatible Solutes / Osmolytes

Turgor Pressure Maintenance

Role of Proline, Glycine Betaine, Mannitol, Sugars

Difference between Osmotic Adjustment & Osmoregulation

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