Article 200 - Timeline for Assent | Article 143 - 16th Presidential Reference Explained | Adil Baig

16th Presidential Reference Explained | Article 143, Article 200, Governor’s Assent & Supreme Court Opinion | UPSC TNPSC

In this video, Adil Baig explains the 16th Presidential Reference (2025) in which the President of India sought the Supreme Court’s opinion under Article 143 on whether the President and Governors can be bound by timelines while granting assent to State Bills under Article 200 & 201 of the Constitution.

A five-judge Constitution Bench delivered the “Opinion of the Court”, holding that the Supreme Court cannot fix timelines for Governors or the President, but Governors also cannot engage in deliberate or prolonged inaction to stall the legislative process.

This session breaks down the constitutional, federal, and political significance of the reference—extremely important for UPSC GS2, Polity, Governance, Federalism, and TNPSC Constitution topics.

🔍 Topics Explained in the Video:

✅ Background of the TN Governor–State Government dispute
✅ Article 200 – Governor’s Assent: Constitutional text, options & judicial interpretation
✅ Article 201 – President’s Assent & Reserve Power
✅ Detailed analysis of the Supreme Court’s answers to all 14 questions raised in the Presidential Reference
✅ Article 143 – Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court explained
✅ All 15 previous Presidential References with brief explanations
✅ What the judgment means for federalism & Centre–State relations

🎯 Why This Video Is Important for Aspirants:

High-probability topic for UPSC Prelims & Mains (GS2)

Critical for TNPSC Group 1 – Polity, Constitution & Governance

Helps build conceptual clarity on Governor’s powers, federal friction & constitutional remedies

Useful for Essay and Ethics (Constitutional morality, cooperative federalism)

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