Square Root of Integer: The O(log N) Solution Facebook Expects

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Master the Square Root of Integer Problem (FAANG Interview Prep)

Looking to ace your next coding interview at **Facebook, Amazon, or Microsoft**? In this video, we break down the classic "Square Root of Integer" problem.

While it sounds simple, this "easy" difficulty problem has a surprisingly low success rate. We’ll show you exactly why and how to avoid common pitfalls—like handling integer overflows and meeting the strict O(log n) time complexity requirement.

🚀 What You’ll Learn:

*Binary Search Optimization:* Why a simple linear loop is too slow and how to use binary search to converge on the floor of a square root.
*Handling Edge Cases:* How to manage inputs like 0 and 1 efficiently.
*Avoiding Overflows:* Why using `long` for intermediate calculations is critical when input reaches `INT_MAX`.
*Step-by-Step Walkthrough:* Watch a dry run of the algorithm to see how it handles both perfect squares and non-perfect squares.

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0:00 Introduction to the Square Root Problem
1:24 Why the O(log A) constraint means we need Binary Search
3:47 Intermediate calculations: Using Long vs Int
5:44 Converging on the "Floor" of a square root
7:13 Dry run: Walking through an example
9:55 Final summary and interview tips