Banknote Grading Podcast: PART TWO⭐️⭐️

▪️Pictorial Guide to Grading Elements: Folds, Tears, Stains, and Holes.
▪️CHECKOUT PART ONE:    • Banknote Grading Podcast: PART ONE⭐️  
▪️AUTOMATIC BANKNOTE GRADING TOOLS: https://sites.google.com/view/banknot...

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Paper Quality & Appearance:
Firmness/Crispness: A high-grade note will be firm and hold itself up when held from one edge, unlike a "limp" note.
Color Vibrancy: Printing colors should be "bright and vibrant." Fading and dullness indicate over-circulation.
Embossing: Running fingers over raised elements like serial numbers should reveal "raised imprints." Loss of embossing suggests pressing.
Margins: For higher grades, the printing should be "well centered such that margins on all four sides are equal."
Toning: "Generalized yellowing of the paper due to aging."
Stains/Smudges: Common on circulated notes. Minor stains not affecting the design may not significantly decrease eye appeal, but "larger stains in the design can really make the note unappealing." Smudges are from oily skin contact with ink.
Rust/Foxing: "Reddish-brown spots that indicate Oxidation" or mold/fungus, often with a distinct smell. Caused by moisture and improper storage, these issues can worsen over time and lead to "Net" or "Apparent" designations from third-party graders.
Foreign Substance: "Anything that cannot be classified as generic dirt or stain."


Physical Imperfections:
Edges: Edge Nick/Split: "Slight edge-wear due to repeated folding," which can progress into a tear.
Ragged Edges: Seen on "old poorly handled, overly-circulated notes."
Corners: For uncirculated notes, corners must be "sharp, squared corners without even slight rounding." Rounded corners indicate wear.
Folds: The "most paramount element of banknote grading."
Counting Bend/Bank-teller Flicks: Common even on high-grade notes, but "will preclude an Uncirculated status."
Wrinkles: Folds that "don't travel from edge-to-edge."
Light Folds: Gently bend the note; no line seen when held to light. May be resolved by pressing.
Strong Folds: Heavier folds that won't completely resolve even with pressing.
Crease: A "heavier fold that has broken the surface of the note and is deep into the fibers of the paper." "No amount of ironing or pressing will repair the damaged paper."
Tears: Significantly impact grading based on degree, location, and effect on design.
Small tear in margin only: Very Fine grade.
Tear extending into border of design: Fine grade.
Larger tears extending into the actual design or "internal tears": Very Good grade (considered "not good at all").
Holes: Often hidden.
Staple/Spindle Holes: Common on older French and Indian banknotes or can result in tearing.
Center Holes: Caused by "excess folding at the intersection of vertical and horizontal folds."
Punch Hole Cancellation: Seen on "Specimen or redeemed or taken out-of-circulation" notes.
Graffiti: "Any writing or ink that does not belong on the note." Negatively impacts grade, distracting from eye appeal. Minor graffiti may allow a Fine grade, but prominence pulls the grade down.
Printer's Annotations: Writing on margins of Specimen notes (e.g., all zero serial numbers) are "expected and does not impact grade" as they are part of evaluation during print runs.

"Doctoring" refers to manipulative attempts to disguise issues like folds, tears, or stains without disclosure. While it might "improve the eye appeal by disguising the the problem," it often causes "irreversible damage to the paper." Experienced collectors and professional graders can typically detect these manipulations.
Examples of Doctoring:
Washing: Results in "overall dulling of paper" and "characteristic 'white streaks' along the creases."
Bleaching: Can "pretty much wiped off the ink used for printing the note."
Glue/Tape Repairs: "Don't fool anyone and can be quite hideous as they discolor and badly stain the paper."
Restoration with additional paper: Used to subtly repair tears.
Trimming: Using scissors to remove torn or ragged edges.

00:00 Intermediate Grade
01:11 TPG
02:22 Examine
03:47 Folds/Tears/Holes
13:57 Doctored notes
17:06 Simplified Approach
20:01 Grading Scale
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Leitfaden zur Banknotenbewertung
Gids voor het sorteren van bankbiljetten
지폐 등급 가이드
دليل تصنيف الأوراق النقدية
Руководство по оценке банкнот
Οδηγός ταξινόμησης τραπεζογραμματίων
Guide de classement des billets de banque
纸币分级指南
紙幣の等級ガイド
Guida alla classificazione delle banconote
Gabay sa pagmamarka ng banknote
คู่มือการจัดเกรดธนบัตร
Guía de clasificación de billetes
Hướng dẫn phân loại tiền giấy
מדריך לדירוג שטרות
纸币分级指南
Panduan penilaian uang kertas
बैंकनोट ग्रेडिंग गाइड
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DISCLAIMER: Images shown in this video are taken from many online resources, including eBay, Heritage Auction etc.