RED VENTED BULBUL: The Nature Quest

The red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) is a member of the bulbul family within the passerine group. It is a resident breeder across the Indian subcontinent, which encompasses Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and stretches eastward to Burma, as well as certain areas of Bhutan and Nepal. This species has been introduced to numerous locations globally, successfully forming populations in Argentina, Tonga, and Fiji, in addition to parts of Samoa, the USA, and the Cook Islands. It is recognised as one of the 100 most problematic invasive alien species worldwide. In New Zealand, they were the target of a successful eradication campaign in 1955; however, they continue to be reported intermittently.

The red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) belongs to the bulbul family and breeds across the Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and extends to Burma, Bhutan, and Nepal. It has been introduced globally, with populations in Argentina, Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, the USA, and the Cook Islands, and is one of the 100 most problematic invasive species worldwide. New Zealand attempted eradication in 1955, but some sightings persist. Identifiable by its short crest, the bird has a squarish head, dark brown body with scaly texture, darker head, white rump, and red vent, measuring about 20 cm in length. Its long black tail has white tips. Variants include Himalayan subspecies with more prominent crests and streaked undersides. The intermedius race features a black hood up to the mid-breast, while the central and eastern Gangetic area population shows dark streaks on a lighter belly. The humayuni race is lighter and also hybridizes with Pycnonotus leucogenys. Hybrids were previously classified as magrathi. The northeast Indian race wetmorei is between cafer, humayuni, and bengalensis, and the Sri Lankan haemorrhous race has a dark mantle with pale edges.
Distribution and Habitat
This species inhabits dry scrub, open forests, plains, and agricultural areas. Within its native range, it is seldom encountered in mature forests. A study conducted across 54 locations in India found that vegetation is the primary factor influencing the distribution of species.
Red-vented bulbuls were brought to Fiji in 1903 by indentured laborers from India, where they became widespread. They were later introduced to Tonga in 1943 and became common in Samoa by 1957. They established themselves on the Tongan islands of Tongatapu and Niuafo'ou. In Melbourne, they were introduced around 1917 but were not observed after 1942.

red vented bulbul
Bird
Sparrow
amazing bird
feeding
hiding behaviour
Curry leaves tree
berry
neem fruits

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